Quarrying Of Porphyry Copper
CHAPTER 8 PORPHYRY DEPOSITS
Porphyry copper deposits contain approximately one-half of the world's copper reserves and currently account for more than 50% of the world's annual copper production. They are the best studied of all porphyry-type deposits and their salient features have been discussed in a number of review articles (e.g., Lowell & Guilbert
The geological characteristics, geochemical signature …
mineralization. Porphyry copper deposits are large (commonly hundreds to thousands of million tonnes) and low to medium in grade (0.3 to 1.5% copper). The majority of gold-rich porphyry deposits occur in the circum-Pacific and commonly contain 0.3 to 1.6 g/t gold. The general characteristics of porphyry systems include:
The Chain of Processes Forming Porphyry Copper Deposits …
Porphyry copper deposits are probably a natural eventuality of fluid exsolution from super-hydrous melts, corroborating a growing body of evidence. The water content of arc magmas in the lower ...
Hydrothermal fluid evolution in the ndida porphyry copper …
The origin of hypogene alteration and mineralization features in the ndida porphyry Cu deposit resulted from intense over related to three main hydrothermal stages. The beginning of each stage is recorded by deposition of bright quartz crystals on vein walls that precipitated from high-temperature fluids. In the deepest zones of the deposit, the earliest …
Metallogenesis of Porphyry Copper Deposit Indicated by In …
The origin of the Dexing porphyry Cu deposit is hotly debated. Zircon and apatite are important accessory minerals that record key information of mineralization processes. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb analyses of granodiorite porphyries yield ages of 168.9 ± 1.2 Ma, 168.0 ± 1.0 Ma, and 172.8 ± 1.3 Ma, whereas zircons in the volcanic rocks of the Shuangqiaoshan …
Porphyry Copper
The Panguna mine (now closed) on Bougainville Island and the Ok Tedi mine in Western Province are classic porphyry copper–gold deposits. In both locations, copper and gold occur …
[PDF] Porphyry Copper Systems
Porphyry Cu systems host some of the most widely distributed mineralization types at convergent plate boundaries, including porphyry deposits centered on intrusions; skarn, carbonate-replacement, and sediment-hosted Au deposits in increasingly peripheral locations; and superjacent high- and intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits. The systems commonly …
Copper Mining and Processing: Processing …
Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore (less than 1% copper) and ends with sheets of 99.99% pure copper called cathodes, which will ultimately be made into products for everyday use.The …
(PDF) Footprints: The Hydrothermal Alteration and …
In porphyry copper systems, significant advances in the understanding of deposit footprints have been made over the last decades, including that of sericitic alteration (Watanabe and Hedenquist ...
Geochemistry of Tertiary Igneous Rocks of Northern
Generation of Postcollisional Porphyry Copper Deposits in Southern Tibet Triggered by Subduction of the Indian Continental Plate Tectonics and Metallogeny of the Tethyan Orogenic Belt. Early to middle Miocene backarc magmas of the Neuquén Basin: Geochemical consequences of slab shallowing and the westward drift of South America ...
Petrogenesis and thermal history of the Yulong porphyry copper …
The Yulong porphyry copper deposit (6.5 Mt at 0.46 % Cu) in eastern Tibet was formed in a post-collisional setting. New zircon U–Pb and U–Th/He ages, apatite U–Th/He ages and in-situ zircon Hf isotopic and trace element data for the Yulong ore-bearing adakitic porphyries elucidate the thermal history and petrogenesis of the deposit. Zircon U–Pb ages …
The Chain of Processes Forming Porphyry Copper …
In this paper I develop the thesis that the formation of these exceptional geochemical anomalies is not the product of special triggers or of unusual complexity but the …
Copper and critical metals production from porphyry ores …
Over 60% of world copper output comes from porphyry copper ores while E-waste(s) is globally the largest copper-bearing waste category since the 1980s. They also contain …
(PDF) SILLITOE 2010
Porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many processes. Owing to the complexity, a succinct definition that includes the essential attributes of this deposit class is elusive. Consequently, this descriptive model uses a working definition of a porphyry copper deposit. A porphyry copper deposit is 1.
Mineral Prospectivity Mapping of Porphyry Copper …
Several large-scale porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) with high economic value have been excavated in the Duolong ore district, Tibet, China. However, the high altitudes and harsh conditions in this area make traditional exploration difficult. Hydrothermal alteration minerals related to PCDs with diagnostic spectral absorption features in the visible–near …
The Largest Copper Porphyry Resources
Geology matters…. Although copper has been mined from a variety of mineral deposits, porphyry copper deposits are the most important source for copper, contributing more than 60% of the annual world copper production and approximately 65% of the known total copper resource. Since 1970, more than 95% of the U. S. copper production has been derived …
Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Mechanisms of Porphyry Copper …
The Xifanping deposit is a distinct Cenozoic porphyry Cu (Au) deposit located in the Sanjing porphyry metallogenic belt 100–150 km east of the JinshajFiang fault in the western Yangtze craton. We present new zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopic studies and geochemical data of the ore-bearing quartz monzonite porphyry from the Xifanping deposit to determine their …
Crustal magmatic controls on the formation of porphyry copper
Porphyry deposits are large, low-grade metal ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids derived from an underlying magma reservoir. They are important as major sources of critical metals ...
Mineralization, Exploration and Resource Potential of Porphyry …
In the Yulong metallogenic belt of east Tibet, besides porphyry copper (molybdenum) deposits, skarn deposits in the external contact zone of porphyry, such as Yulong No. II and No. V orebodies and Angqing silver-lead-zinc (copper) orebody, also have important industrial values. The diagenetic and metallogenic epoch is 40~38 Ma, and the ore ...
Porphyry Copper Potential of the United States Southern …
Porphyry copper deposit density prospectivity model for Laramide-age tract in southern Arizona, calculated using Arizona map data and spatial model parameters derived from a previous GMRAP assessment (geology, alteration mapping, geochemistry) for all porphyry copper tracts in Mexico (Hammarstrom et al., 2010). The calculated deposit density ...
A new model for the optimal structural context for giant …
In this work, we propose a new model based on the integration of structural data and the geometry of magmatic-hydrothermal systems from the main Andean porphyry Cu-Mo …
The formation of porphyry copper deposits | Acta …
Copper is a moderately incompatible chalcophile element. Its behavior is strongly controlled by sulfides. The speciation of sulfur is controlled by oxygen fugacity. Therefore, porphyry Cu deposits are usually oxidized (with oxygen fugacities > ΔFMQ +2) (Mungall 2002; Sun et al. 2015). The problem is that while most of the magmas at convergent margins are …
Spence Porphyry copper, Geology of the Deposit
enrichment of copper. Late intrusion of feldspar porphyry (FP) occurred in the southern part of the deposit area subsequent to em placement of the hydrothermal breccias. The FP is restricted in its distribution and is characterized by the absence of copper mineralization and quartz.
Innovations: Introduction to Copper: Mining & Extraction
However, by far the greatest extension in the use of copper resulted from Michael Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831 and the way that the effect could be used to generate electricity. The same principle was used to develop electric motors. The electric lamp was invented by Sir Joseph Swan in 1860 and brought to a commercial design by Thomas …
Preliminary Model of Porphyry Copper Deposits
A brief discussion of the porphyry copper subtypes is in the Appendix. Associated Deposit Types A variety of deposit types are spatially, if not genetically, related to porphyry copper mineralization, including skarns, polymetallic veins and replacements, and epithermal veins. Copper skarn deposits occur near many porphyry copper host intru-
Porphyry Deposits: The World's Largest Source of …
The term "porphyry" comes from the word "porphyritic", a textural term used by geologists to describe the mineral pattern within the rocks that commonly occur in copper porphyry deposits. Porphyry copper deposits play …
16 Energy and Mineral Resources – An Introduction to …
The Morenci porphyry is oxidized toward its top (as seen as red rocks in the wall of the mine), creating supergene enrichment. Most porphyry copper deposits owe their high metal content, and hence, their economic value to weathering processes called supergene enrichment which occurs when the deposit is uplifted, eroded, and exposed to oxidation.
The Potential for Porphyry Copper-Molybdenun1 Deposits in the Eastern
Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are vital sources of copper, gold, and molybdenum, significantly impacting the global economy. This review synthesizes recent …
CHAPTER 8 PORPHYRY DEPOSITS
Large tonnage and low grade are characteristic features of porphyry copper deposits. According to Lowell (1974), a deposit should have at least 20 million tonnes of ore containing a minimum …
Potential of porphyry copper mineralization in the Triassic …
Porphyry copper deposits are commonly generated in arc settings and have spatial, temporal, and genetic associations with felsic porphyry intrusions (Seedorff et al., 2005, Sillitoe, 2010).Evaluating the potential for porphyry copper mineralization involves examining the geochemical characteristics of these intrusions, specifically focusing on the oxidation state and …
Ontology-driven relational data mapping for constructing a …
Third, the knowledge graph of the porphyry copper deposit was constructed based on relational data mapping and knowledge fusion. Based on the resulting knowledge graph, several exploratory cases were conducted to make knowledge reasoning and discovery. It is indicated that the solution proposed in this study is a fast batch-processing ...
Gold in porphyry copper deposits: Its abundance and fate
Porphyry copper deposits are among the largest reservoirs of gold in the upper crust and are important potential sources for gold in lower temperature epithermal deposits. Whether gold remains in ...
Gold endowments of porphyry deposits controlled by
Porphyry deposits are natural suppliers of most copper and significant gold to our society. Whereas the Cu-richest (Au-poor) porphyries are related to Andean-type subduction and typical calc ...
Copper Porphyry: Unraveling the Secrets of a Mighty Mineral …
Copper porphyry refers to a specific type of ore deposit that is rich in copper, often accompanied by other valuable minerals such as gold, molybdenum, and silver. These …
Geologic Setting and Evolution of the Porphyry Copper …
The porphyry copper mineralization at Los Pelambres is contained in two contiguous deposits, Los Pelambres (Cu-Mo) and Frontera (Cu-Au), which together constitute the third largest copper concentration (∼36 million metric tons (Mt) Cu) in the Miocene to early Pliocene belt of central Chile. Los Pelambres is centered on a composite, N-oriented ...
The Mineralization and Structural Geology of the Porphyry Copper …
The porphyry copper deposits can be traced in Pakistan from the north through Kohistan Island Arc (KIA) up to the south to Chaghi Magmatic Arc (CMA). These deposits are mainly found in and around ...
The Chain of Processes Forming Porphyry Copper …
Porphyry deposits show a large range of concentrations in three main ore elements Cu, Au, and Mo, to the point that some deposits are mined for a single commodity such as porphyry gold deposits (e.g., Kisladag; Baker et al., 2016) or porphyry-molybdenum deposits (e.g., Climax, Henderson; Seedorff and Fig. 1.