Scandium Recovery Constructing
Extraction Recovery of Scandium and Concomitant …
studied. It has been shown that the phosphine oxide can be used for scandium preconcentration processes. It has been found that scandium recovery from hydrochloric acid solutions is rather selective and can be per-formed from solutions containing at least 2 mol/L HCl. When this reagent is used for scandium recovery from
Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical review …
The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for …
Scandium recovery from ion-adsorption rare earth …
Finally, a flowsheet for the recovery of Sc from ion-adsorption rare earth elements (REEs) concentrate was proposed and proved in lab-scale experiment. Key words: scandium; HEHEHP; solvent extraction; ion-adsorption rare earth Cite this article as: ZHANG Wei, ZHU Hao, LIU Shu-feng, NING Shun-yan, WEI Yue-zhou. Scandium recovery from
Optimizing Conditions for Scandium Extraction from Bauxite …
Taking into account scandium limited availability coupled with its high demand in modern technology, bauxite residue could be considered as a potential resource for scandium recovery.
Current State of the Sc Recovery Possibilities during
Currently producing Sc2O3 in its pilot plant facilities. When compared to NaOH leaching of Bauxite ores in Al production, Sc does not dissolve during leaching and remain in the Leach …
An innovative process for extracting scandium from nickeliferous
The binary phase diagram of Sc-C system indicates that the scandium carbide occurs even at relatively low temperatures (Fig. S6) (Babizhetskyy et al., 2017). When the carbon-to-ore mass ratio is high, there is a higher possibility to form scandium carbide. The formation of scandium carbide from scandium oxide is discussed later in this paper.
A Review of the Occurrence and Recovery of Rare Earth …
Electronic waste (e-waste) contains valuable rare earth elements (REEs) essential for various high-tech applications, making their recovery crucial for sustainable resource management. This review provides an overview of the occurrence of REEs in e-waste and discusses both conventional and emerging green technologies for their recovery. Conventional …
Research Progress on the Recovery of Scandium and …
As a secondary resource with high recycling value, red mud is rich in various valuable metals such as aluminum, iron and titanium, as well as many rare earth elements like scandium, yttrium, cerium and lanthanum. At present, the titanium is widely used in various fields at home and abroad, as well as the scandium is expensive due to its scarcity.
Recovery of scandium from acidic waste solutions by means …
Therefore, new strategies for scandium recovery are of economic priority. In this study, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) consisting of PVDF-HFP, 2-NPOE and DEHPA, were optimised for selective scandium separation from real TiO 2 production waste. With the optimised system, >60% of the scandium was recovered with high selectivity, resulting in ...
Optimizing Conditions for Scandium Extraction from Bauxite …
Bauxite residue is the voluminous by-product of alumina production after Bayer process. Its high alkalinity causes disposal problems and harmful environmental impacts. However, the residue contains significant amounts of valuable elements, such as rare earth elements, including scandium. Greek bauxite residue contains a high amount of scandium …
Conditioning of Red Mud for Subsequent Titanium and …
G. Alkan et al.: Conditioning of Red Mud for Subsequent Titanium and Scandium Recovery – A Conceptual Design Study 1 Introduction There is growing effort from industry to promote sustain-
Separation and recovery of iron and scandium from acid leaching
Red mud is a byproduct of alumina refining of bauxite ores, and is a significant source for extracting scandium.However, a large amount of iron in red mud makes it difficult to recover scandium because Fe(III) and Sc(III) have similar physicochemical properties.In this study, a new method was developed for selective separation of iron and scandium in acid …
Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, …
Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods …
Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, …
Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The …
SMM to Construct Scandium Recovery Pilot Plant
SMM to Construct Scandium Recovery Pilot Plant Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. (SMM) has decided to construct a scandium recovery pilot plant at Coral Bay Nickel Corporation (CBNC), its majority owned subsidiary located on Palawan Island in the Philippines. Scandium (Sc) is a rare earth element discovered in 1879. A silvery-white metal with a
Development of Scandium-Recovery Process from Titanium …
The starting material for scandium recovery is slurry of chlorination residue that is obtained from a repulped chlorination residue with industrial water (this residue was provided by Toho Titanium Co ., Ltd.). Reagents, such as 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl), 24% sodium-hydroxide solution, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA), tributyl phosphate ...
Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical …
The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the ...
Bio-inspired metal extraction: Tailoring peptides for highly …
Secondary resources such as waste acid from titanium dioxide production, red mud, tailings and coal combustion byproducts were the primary reservoirs for scandium recovery [2], [5], [6], [7].Especially, coal combustion byproducts are abundant and potentially valuable scandium sources that are currently unused [7], [8], [9].However, due to their generally low scandium …
The Future of Scandium Recovery from Wastes
One possible way of avoiding a potential supply disruption of scandium is finding alternative sources. Secondary sources, such as some industrial residues, present a promising potential for scandium recovery.
Concentration and Separation of Scandium from Ni …
This includes scandium byproduct recovery from Meta Nikel's nickel laterite operations and the Coral Bay nickel laterite processing plant. Studies have also been conducted on a range of scandium ...
Optimizing Conditions for Scandium Extraction from …
technology, bauxite residue could be considered as a potential resource for scandium recovery. In this study, the optimization of scandium extraction from bauxite residue with sulfuric acid is ... focusing on its use as agent in building and constructing materials, adsorbent for pollutants removal, coagulant for waste and water treatment, agent for
Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical …
The present review considers scandium extraction from three different sources - primary, secondary and opportu-nities – focusing on clean technologies and eco-friendly processing to …
Pilot-Plant Investigation of the Leaching Process for the Recovery …
For scandium recovery, hydrometallurgical treatment with inorganic acids is the most common, effective and simple method. In this study, the efficiency of phosphoric acid is investigated for scandium recovery by a direct leaching of bauxite residue without pretreatment. Multi leaching variables, such as acid molarity, solid/liquid ratio ...
Recovery of scandium from red mud by leaching with titanium white waste
Scandium is less abundant as independent minerals at the larger scale and generally coexists with other minerals. As such, there has been growing interest in the recovery of Sc as a by-product from low-grade minerals or other secondary resources, such as bauxite residue (Meng et al., 2020), tungsten slag (Nie et al., 2018), nickeliferous laterite ore (Kim and …
Two-stage selective recovery process of scandium from the …
The developed methods for scandium recovery, concentration and refining show that there is no unique technique for processing of complex multicomponent systems [Ramasamy et al., 2018; Wang et al ...
Scandium Recovery from Aqueous Solution by …
progress in the early future of scandium recovery processes from secondary sources. The present paper studies scandium adsorption from pure scandium nitrate solutions in low-temperature-activated alumina products, whose properties have been largely pre-sented in our previous papers [54,58,59]. The precursor of the low-temperature-activated
From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from …
From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO 2 Acid Waste. ... was determined by constructing the McCabe–Thile diagrams. Therefore, the respective solutions in each step were contacted with the organic solution with different phase ratios to obtain the equilibrium loading, scrubbing, and stripping curves ...
Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical …
Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical review of the state of the art and future prospects A.B. Botelho Junior a, *, D.C.R. Espinosa a, J. Vaughan b, J.A.S. Tenorio´ a a Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University Sao Paulo, Brazil
March 11, 2013 PHILIPPINE STOCK EXCHANGE INC. 3F …
SMM to Construct Scandium Recovery Pilot Plant Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. (SMM) has decided to construct a scandium recovery pilot plant at Coral Bay Nickel Corporation (CBNC), its majority owned subsidiary located on Palawan Island in the Philippines. Scandium (Sc) is a rare earth element discovered in 1879. A silvery-white metal with a
Metallurgical processes for scandium recovery from various …
This paper comprehensively reviews the metallurgical processes to recover scandium from various sources. Residues, tailings and waste liquors in the production of other …
Conditioning of Red Mud for Subsequent Titanium and Scandium Recovery
448 The impacts of different processing parameters on titanium (and scandium) recovery from red mud were examined by several authors with regard to the leaching of iron, titanium, scandium and the ...
Nyngan Scandium Project | Scandium International Mining …
Project Resource. The Nyngan scandium resource is located in NSW, Australia approximately 500 kilometers northwest of Sydney. Minerals exploration at the site has defined a measured and indicated resource significantly larger (7X) than the currently planned 20 year mine life outlined in the feasibility study.
Recovery of scandium from bauxite residue—red mud: a …
Red mud is a slimy caustic residue generated from alumina production. Taking into account the relatively considerable content and availability of scandium, red mud can be viewed as an important and promising scandium resource rather than a solid waste. This paper is primarily to review the investigations of scandium recovery from red mud based on the most …
On the Supply Dynamics of Scandium, Global Resources
The scandium production rate and price data for scandium oxide and scandium metal was extracted from various sources. Data for extractable resources of scandium were found and evaluated by application of estimated yields. The feasible extractable resource is about 6.1 million ton, and with present technology, about 676,000 ton scandium appear as potentially …
(PDF) From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery
Scandium (Sc), declared a critical raw material in the European Union (EU), could face further supply issues as the EU depends almost entirely on imports from China, Russia, and Ukraine.
Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical review …
Scandium and all REEs are considered critical by the European Union and most countries around the world, such as U.S.A. (U.S. Department of Energy) and Brazil (Martins et al., 2021, MCTIC, 2018, USGS, 2018). This means that these elements may face supply chain challenges due to several reasons: i) high economic importance; ii) localized resource in …
Sustainable Scandium Recovery Method from Metallic …
Sustainable Scandium Recovery Method from Metallic 3D Powders Bengi Yagmurlu and Carsten Dittrich Abstract With the upcoming limitations on gasoline-based vehi-cles, especially in Europe under the Paris Accord, research on electrical/hydrogen powered vehicles and lightweight alloys for lower CO 2 emission has peaked.